Simple Water Level Sensor Using D400 Transistor In Sinhala

සරල Water Level Sensor එකක් D400 transistor එකක් භාවිතා කර සාදා ගැනීම! 

Water level sensors can be used for many interesting projects.

Examples :

-To switch a water pump on and off to fill the water tank automatically.
-To gather rainfall data.
Part List:
D400 transistor x 1
1 kO resistor x 1
150-330O resistor x 1
LED x 1
Ic 7805 Voltage regulator 

Transistors consists of three pins as :
*Emitter
*Collector
*Base


7805 regulation is used to add an extra layer of protection for the circuit.
The user can directly omit the 7805 regulation part if the user can apply suitable voltage.

The first circuit is a case where the presence of water will cause the led to light up 
1 kilo ohms resistor is placed in series with the base pin to prevent too large base current.

The 330 ohms resistor places in series with the led is to prevent too large current from flowing through the 
led, the probes must be selected according to the application sometimes you may need corrosion resistant probes for
long term use.

Functions:
When the probes are immersed in water a tiny amount of current flows through water to the base of the transistor as water contains ions which are capable of conducting electricity.
The collector current now gets amplified;

Ic = Beta X Ib

This current is controlled through a 330O resistor to avoid too high current flow through the resistor
Hence this causes our led to light up.

The sensor is capable of working @ 5V there for we can use this same sensor with arduino with a slight modification.
we remove the led for this purpose and add a 47 kilo ohms resistor in series with the collector pin.
The output is taken from the collector of the transistor which can be then read directly using the analogRead()
function of the arduino.

The output voltage of pin will be 5V when there is no water and 0V when the probes are immersed in water.
The sensor works due to the presence of ions in the water in very small quantities,so this will not work in the case of distilled water.

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Comments

  1. alentarseoSeptember 5, 2018 at 10:59 PM

    Great post.Thanks for sharing this article with us.keep posting!!!
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  2. THE EDGE TECHNOLOGYSeptember 9, 2019 at 3:32 AM

    Nice to see this article , it’s so more informative Information. Thanks for sharing.
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